![]() The plexus also receives autonomic fibers from the vagus n. can also act as an elevator of the pharynx (Sakamoto, 2014). Some fibers of the middle pharyngeal constrictor mm. When activated, the pharyngeal constrictors serially constrict the lumen of the pharynx. receives dual innervation from the pharyngeal (neural) plexus and the vagus n. The cricopharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. (CN X) and afferent (sensory) fibers from the glossopharyngeal nn. are innervated by the pharyngeal (neural) plexus, which receives efferent (motor) fibers from the vagus nn. Thyropharyngeal part (thyroid cartilage of the larynx), and theĬricopharyngeal part (cricoid cartilage of the larynx). These parts (and their attachments) include the: Note: The inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. originates on the hyoid bone (greater and lesser horns) and the stylohyoid ligament, and inserts on the pharyngeal raphe. Note: The middle pharyngeal constrictor m. Glossopharyngeal part (posterolateral tongue). Mylopharyngeal part (posterior portion of mylohyoid line of the mandible), and the ![]() Pterygopharyngeal part (pterygoid hamulus & occasionally the posterior aspect of the medial pterygoid plate),īuccopharyngeal part (pterygomandibular raphe), The four distinct parts (and their anterior attachments) include the: consists of four parts, each arising from a distinct location (associated by name), and coalescing posteriorly to the superior portion of the pharyngeal raphe. Note: The superior pharyngeal constrictor m. to the superior pharyngeal constrictor m. The pterygomandibular raphe connects the buccinator m. A condensed band of the buccopharyngeal fascia that extends from the pterygoid hamulus to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible is the pterygomandibular raphe. The buccopharyngeal fascia (the superficial investing/epimysial layer of the external pharyngeal mm.) consists of a thickened epimysium of the superior pharyngeal constrictor that extends anteriorly from the pharyngeal raphe to the superficial surface of the buccinator m. The pharyngobasilar fascia is closely associated with the pharyngeal raphe at the pharyngeal tubercle. from the basilar part of the occipital bone and the adjacent temporal bone. The pharyngobasilar fascia (the deep investing/epimysial layer of the external pharyngeal mm.) suspends the superior pharyngeal constrictor m. The muscles of the pharynx are supplied by the pharyngeal plexus, a network of nerves from pharyngeal branches of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.Note: The pharynx is supported by two associated bodies of fascia: pharyngobasilar fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia. Most lymph drains back to the retropharyngeal nodes. Veins of the same name drain either into the pterygoid venous plexus or directly into the internal jugular vein. inferior laryngeal artery (from the inferior thyroid artery, off the thyrocervical trunk).superior laryngeal artery (from the superior thyroid artery).artery of the pterygoid canal (from the maxillary artery).greater palatine artery (from the maxillary artery).tonsillar artery (from the facial artery).ascending palatine artery (from the facial artery).ascending pharyngeal artery (from the external carotid artery (ECA)).Numerous branches anastomose in the pharynx, providing it with a rich arterial supply: The internal longitudinal layer is composed of the three paired muscles: The external circular layer is composed of the three constrictor muscles: There are two groups of pharyngeal muscles, the external circular layer and the internal longitudinal layer. communicates with the larynx anteriorly.laryngopharynx (or hypopharynx): inferior to the superior border of the epiglottis and the pharyngoepiglottic folds, superior to the cricoid cartilage.communicates with the oral cavity anteriorly.oropharynx: posterior to the base of tongue, inferior to the soft palate, bounded laterally by the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, and superior to the superior tip of the epiglottis.communicates with the nasal cavity anteriorly.nasopharynx: posterior to the nasal choanae, extending from the vault of the pharynx superiorly to the soft palate inferiorly.
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